Family Violence Prevention and Services Act Research Paper

Family Violence Prevention and Services Act - Research Paper Example They formed movements through which they spoke in one voice about the evils that were going on in their lives. Quite a number of acts were proposed, including the â€Å"Domestic Violence Prevention and Services Act† but they did not see the light of day. The Family Violence Prevention and Services Act (FVPSA) was officially enacted in 1984. It was later â€Å"reauthorized and amended† in 2010. The act can be regarded as a life-saving financial measure driven by an objective to offer emotional support to the victims2. The main idea behind such programs is to effectively secure mental stability and safety of the respective victims in addition to preventing incidences of violence in future. The act was focussed on providing the necessary awareness and prevention of domestic violence. It should be noted that this act is the sole source of funding that is meant to support life-saving initiatives through domestic violence programs. These programs include hotlines, counselling , emergency shelters and relevant legal services3. The act has made tremendous steps in relation to curbing sexual and domestic violence. Consequently, increased awareness of the above mentioned crimes and a developed justice system have led to swelling demand for the services. In the United States alone, up to 2 million children and women succumb to domestic violence save for approximately 15 million children who are exposed to physical abuse and torture by their parents/guardians.4 The effects of the current state of the economy are being felt by victim service agencies as they try to handle the ever increasing demand by the American population. It is evident how the existing resources are being stretched to the limit. Situations of job loss and eviction cases of either the victim or the abuser have been factors that have contributed to the increasing demand for the respective services5. FVPSA is important in the sense that it is at the forefront of sustaining or rather maintainin g crisis hotlines, effective safety planning, appropriate preventive education to victims, counselling and emergency asylums.6 This act is necessary to bridge the gap between the limited available resources and the ever increasing demand for these services. Many regard this act as the heart and soul of the country’s response to pertinent issues of domestic violence, thus its importance. The act ensures that community resources are well coordinated and distributed through effective and comprehensive programs. In relation to the impact of this legislation, the funding has been able to assist many victims despite the limited resources. Many lives have been saved through various programs. A typical example of this scenario was in September 2008 where up to 60,800 victims benefited from the respective program. In essence, when a victim is provided with shelter it means that he or she is at a safer place far away from the abuser, thus a life-saving initiative. Another impact of the act is that the demand for these services has significantly increased. The government has, in turn, realised that closer attention should be paid especially in the area of funding so that more people can benefit from the program. The act has created significant awareness about what it can do so that in the event of an incident like an emergency, the victims know where to turn to for

Language Arts with an emphasis on Writing Essay Example for Free

Language Arts with an emphasis on Writing Essay First grade students will use technology to complete a report about a farm animal. A visit to a local farm will provide students with hands on demonstrations of farm animals and how they live. Students will learn in depth facts about one specific animal by conducting research online. Students will improve writing and typing skills by composing their animal report using the computer. Students will gain further practice with the writing process during center time when they will write a letter to their chosen animal. Finally, students will gain presentation skills by presenting their animal findings to the class through oral presentations. These skills will be gained by meeting the following lesson objectives: 1. Students will identify farm animals. 2. Students will identify what their chosen farm animal eats. 3. Students will research and identify the name of the animal’s offspring. 4. Students will research and explain what resource their animal provides to humans. 5. Students will compile their research by using the computer. 6. Students will present their findings orally. Brief Description of the Task: Students will record four important facts about their chosen animal during a visit to a farm. Students will learn about what their animal eats and what its offspring is called. Students will ask the farmer questions in order to learn more about their animal. Students will have their drawing and writing materials with them in order to record what they see while at the farm. These recordings and observations will be taken back to the classroom and used to conduct research and write a report about their animal. After the reports are presented orally, they will be made into a class book for students to read during center time. Steps of the Lesson: 1. Visit the farm. Ask the farmer questions. Draw and write observations. 2. Find a picture of chosen animal on the computer via the Internet. 3. Find important facts about chosen animal and record them. 4. Glue the animal picture to a piece of writing paper. 5. Write down facts researched on the computer including name of animal, what the animal eats and what it provides for humans. Other important facts will be included. 6. Present the report orally to the rest of the class. 7. During center time, read the reports that have been made into a class book. 8. During center time, write a letter to chosen animal telling their animal about what they eat and where they live. A question for the chosen animal will also be included. Instructional Strategies Used: Sometimes summarizing and note taking are considered only â€Å"study skills† but they are two of the most powerful skills students can acquire (Marzano, et al, 2001). Summarizing and note taking give students the opportunity to identify and understand what they are learning (Marzano, et al, 2001). When students take notes through their drawings and observations while at the farm, they will be making identifications of different farm animals and will be gaining an understanding of farm animals. In order to include the most useful information in their animal report, students will analyze the information they are receiving in order to decide what will need to be included in their report. Summary frames will be used while students are at the farm as students develop a series of questions for the farmer that will highlight the critical elements in order to learn specific types of information (Marzano, et al, 2001). In this case, summary frames will allow students to learn about where their animal lives, what it eats and what it provides for humans. Reinforcing effort and providing recognition can push students to make an extra effort when they don’t feel like doing schoolwork or when the work is challenging. It is important for teachers to show students the connection between effort and achievement (Marzano, et al, 2001). The visit to the farm will be a fun activity for students and they will excited about doing something different so they will all most likely complete their note taking well. However, computers can cause frustration, particularly for first graders who are still emerging readers and have a hard time navigating the Internet. Therefore, the Pause, Prompt and Praise strategy will be useful. When students get frustrated or discouraged while using the computer, the teacher can initiate a short pause so the student can collect his or her thoughts. Next, the teacher can give specific suggestions to help the student complete the assigned task. Last, the teacher can praise the student for correcting his or her error as well as completing the task (Marzano, et al, 2001). Nonlinguistic representations will be included in this lesson plan. Students will include drawings of farm animals in their original note taking and research done while at the farm. These drawings will elaborate on the information that students are learning (Marzano, et al, 2001). Therefore, students will need to include pictures of the animal, details about where it lives and pictures of what it eats. Further, graphic organizers are useful for students when organizing information in a coherent way (Marzano, et al, 2001). Providing students with graphical organizers as an option while conducting research will enable visual learners to organize their material in a way that will help them make the most sense of it. Not all students will need to use a graphical organizer but they will be made available to students who would like to use one. Marzano, R. J. , Pickering, D. J. , Pollock, J. E. (2001). Classroom instruction that works: Research-based strategies for increasing student achievement. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Rex Essay -- essays research papers

Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Rex In Oedipus Rex, by Sophocles, there are several instances of dramatic irony. Not only does this irony give the plot a rounder shape, but it helps the audience understand, or follow along, the plot better.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dramatic irony is sometimes used to intensify a scene or act. By doing this, the plot of the story, or play, is made more interesting. One example is Oedipus taunting Teiresias for his blindness, both physical and stellar. He says, â€Å"You sightless, witless, senseless, mad old man!†, â€Å"You child of endless night! You can not hurt me or any other man who sees the sun.† Oedipus constantly made remarks to Teiresias blindness and his sight, though unknowingly, Oedipus himself was the â€Å"child of endless night†, the â€Å"sightless, witless, ... Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Rex Essay -- essays research papers Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Rex In Oedipus Rex, by Sophocles, there are several instances of dramatic irony. Not only does this irony give the plot a rounder shape, but it helps the audience understand, or follow along, the plot better.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dramatic irony is sometimes used to intensify a scene or act. By doing this, the plot of the story, or play, is made more interesting. One example is Oedipus taunting Teiresias for his blindness, both physical and stellar. He says, â€Å"You sightless, witless, senseless, mad old man!†, â€Å"You child of endless night! You can not hurt me or any other man who sees the sun.† Oedipus constantly made remarks to Teiresias blindness and his sight, though unknowingly, Oedipus himself was the â€Å"child of endless night†, the â€Å"sightless, witless, ...

Importance of Seasons in Kawabatas Snow Country Essay examples -- Kaw

Importance of Seasons in Kawabata's Snow Country    In his novel Snow Country, Yasunari Kawabata depicts a relationship between two people in the mountainous region of Japan. Shimamura, a businessman from Tokyo, visits a village in the snow country and develops a relationship with Komako, a geisha in that village. Their relationship is the central focus of the novel, as it changes each time Shimamura leaves for Tokyo and returns. Kawabata uses the changing of the seasons to reflect these changes in relationship. Since the novel is set in the snow country, the seasons have specific characteristics, and these parallel the relationship between the two central characters. Spring is a time of new beginnings in the snow country because of the new sprouts that begin to grow after the winter has covered the ground with snow and killed all the old plants. Shimamura first comes in the spring, and the relationship begins as a friendship because of Shimamura's view of Komako as a new sprout and his feeling that it is his duty to prot ect her. Fall is a time of transition, both for nature and for the relationship. As the trees in the snow country begin to lose their leaves and change into another version of themselves, Shimamura and Komako do also, creating a sense of romance that seems more and more distant as they grow apart. Winter is a time of bitter cold in the snow country, and this is reflected in the coldness brought into Shimamura and Komako's relationship. They argue often during winter, and Shimamura becomes intrigued by Komako's rival Yoko, a maid for the inn at which he stays, and the relationship becomes merely professional. The relationship between Shimamura and Komako undulates constantly with the pass... ...Shimamura's protection. The snow country becomes unbelievably cold in the winter, and darkness surrounds the land as all the plants are covered by snow and the land becomes a barren wasteland. Shimamura and Komako feel this coldness in their relationship, as the distance between them produces feelings of bitterness. Darkness encompasses their relationship as Shimamura's new attraction to Yoko is halted by her death. The relationship between Shimamura and Komako is a tumultuous one, fluctuating from an intimate friendship to merely a professional connection. These changes correlate with the changing of the seasons, and thus Kawabata uses the shifts between seasons in the snow country of Japan as an allegory for the central relationship of the novel.    Works Cited: Kawabata, Yasunari. Snow Country. Berkley Publishing Corporation: New York, NY 1956.

Summary notes Billy elliot

Purpose Present viewers with the realities of being different Changing pre-conceptions towards themes of gender and sexuality through a story of a young boy dealing with these issues Encourages acceptance and breaking free from stereotypes Links to ‘Into the World' Young people have ability to rise against prejudice and overcome obstacles to become a success as they move into adulthood E. G. Billy reluctantly participating in boxing to please his father (obstacles) 0 naturally drawn to ballet which is contrasted to Tony's violent, defiant character (e. Riot scene where Tony attempts to evade the police and Is captured and beaten) with Billy's quiet and gentle persona to demonstrate different ways In which young people transition Into adulthood. Billy does not fit the male stereotype expected from the working class Love of music and dancing that separates him from other boys his age His dream is to possibly escape the angry, motherless family through Mrs.. Wilkinson suggestion f or the Royal Ballet School. He responds to the loss of his mother with grief, opposing the angry, silent espouses of Tony and Jackie.He experiences difficult situations for an eleven year old though responds with courage, passion and determination. This affirms Mrs.. Wilkinson advice that: â€Å"It's not about what you know†¦ It's about how you move, how you express yourself,† Aftermath of Billy's experiences of growing up and moving into the world are positive and negative Positive: Achieves his goal to be a dancer and surpass the restrictions of the congested town Negative: Criticism of schoolmates and family 0 must hide his passion from the worldThe piano that belonged to Billy's mother acts as a symbol of hope and escape for Billy E. G. Jackie yells at Billy to stop playing, foreshadowing the negative impact that his father's anger will have on Billy in his search for beauty. E. G. When Jackie cuts up the piano for firewood on Christmas, Billy asks â€Å"Do you thin k she'll mind? † â€Å"Shut it Billy, she's dead'. Here, the destruction of the piano symbolizes Billy's destroyed hopes to escape through music and dance.Music Main genre punk rock to capture feelings of angst and frustration towards poverty ND prejudice they experienced Upbeat pop rock is included when Billy succeeds creating tone of excitement e. G. Hiding the ballet shoes under the bed Non-dietetic music used to symbolism change in Billy e. G. Dancing through the streets with ballet slippers around his neck, paralleling previous images of him with boxing gloves similarly positioned, combined with uplifting music 0 change in attitude and direction in life for Billy. Dietetic music used to show Billy's growing happiness e.

Language Arts Definitions and Examples

Language Arts Definitions and Examples The language arts are subjects taught in elementary and secondary schools that aim at developing students communication skills. As defined by the International Reading Association (IRS) and the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE), these subjects include reading, writing, listening, speaking, viewing, and visually representing. Observations [In the 1950s in the U.S.] the term language arts rose to professional popularity among elementary school teachers . . ., since it suggested the integration of skills and experiences; English, the term still used in the high school, suggested subject matter, and often, subject matter taught in isolation. Todays concern with whole language and integration of reading and writing dates back to such curriculum efforts. . . .[T]he conflict between whole language advocates who stress construction of meaning and skill-oriented specialists who stress decoding continues. Almost certainly the current movement will result in more balanced stress on literature, writing, and oral language, and less emphasis on separate instruction in language skills, spelling, or grammar (Snow, 1997).(James R. Squire, The History of the Profession. Handbook of Research on Teaching the English Language Arts, Routledge, 2003) One familiar way to link the language arts . . . is to pair them by medium: reading and writing involve written language, listening and speaking involve spoken communication, and viewing and visually representing involve visual language.There are many other important interconnections among the English language arts, as well. Learners’ repertoires of words, images, and concepts grow as they read, listen, and view; new words, images, and concepts then become part of their written, spoken, and visual language systems.(Standards for the English Language Arts, IRA/NCTE, 1996)

Genetic Engineering Debate essays

Genetic Engineering Debate essays New technologies are developing daily in our society. Revolutionary ideas and procedures are coming into use in a variety of different fields. One field of study involves genetic engineering. A number of applications for genetic engineering have already surfaced and they have proven to be beneficial in some areas but are highly controversial in others. Genetic engineering has become an important element in the realm of food production. Genetically modifying foods will help us reduce the use of synthetic pesticides which have been decreasing in effectiveness and have feed the Earths expanding population. Modified foods can help increase their resistance to pesticides and herbicides thereby decreasing use of these pollutant chemicals and allowing plants to naturally manufacture pesticides to keep insects away. It will also allow plants to grow under much harsher weather conditions and poor soil. This will lead to better yields and increased food production making it easier to feed all humans. Some critics, however, have doubts. They argue that genetically modified crops could transmit their modified genes to wild populations creating organisms against which humans may have no defense. Decreasing diversity in plant populations could make crops more susceptible to dangerous pathogens that could decimate their numbers. Another important argument revolves around the idea that people with food allergies and dietary conditions may have reactions to foods that contain dangerous substances due to modification that they may not previously have had. A second application of genetic engineering is in the field of gene therapy and treatment of genetic diseases through genetic modifications. Supporters of gene therapy believe that is the most reasonable and cost effective way to treat most genetic diseases because the treatment would only have to be administered once because the modification would be incorporated int...

Free Essays on Big Bang

We know that our universe exists, however this knowledge alone has not satisfied mankind for further understanding. Throughout time we have asked ourselves, how did our universe begin? How old is our universe? How did matter come to exist?- It seems to be that the questions will always continue to exist. It is important to keep in mind that all of this information is constantly being questioned in order to understand the universe more clearly. What is THE BIG BANG Many once believed that the universe had no beginning or end and was truly infinite. However according to the Big Bang theory, universe is not considered to be, infinite. About 15 billion years ago a tremendous explosion started the expansion of the universe. This explosion is known as the Big Bang. At the point of this event all of the matter and energy was placed at one point. The Big Bang actually consisted of an explosion of space within itself unlike an explosion of a bomb. According to the Big Bang theory the universe is expanding in every direction. Since the Big Bang, the universe has been continuously expanding and there has been more and more distance between clusters of galaxies.... Free Essays on Big Bang Free Essays on Big Bang We know that our universe exists, however this knowledge alone has not satisfied mankind for further understanding. Throughout time we have asked ourselves, how did our universe begin? How old is our universe? How did matter come to exist?- It seems to be that the questions will always continue to exist. It is important to keep in mind that all of this information is constantly being questioned in order to understand the universe more clearly. What is THE BIG BANG Many once believed that the universe had no beginning or end and was truly infinite. However according to the Big Bang theory, universe is not considered to be, infinite. About 15 billion years ago a tremendous explosion started the expansion of the universe. This explosion is known as the Big Bang. At the point of this event all of the matter and energy was placed at one point. The Big Bang actually consisted of an explosion of space within itself unlike an explosion of a bomb. According to the Big Bang theory the universe is expanding in every direction. Since the Big Bang, the universe has been continuously expanding and there has been more and more distance between clusters of galaxies.... Free Essays on Big Bang Some 12 billion years ago the universe emerged from a hot, dense sea of matter and energy. As the cosmos expanded and cooled, it spawned galaxies, stars, planets and life. Since the beginning of human civilization, people have always questioned the origins of their existence and the creation of the universe. Cosmology, the scientific study of the large scale structure and evolution of the universe, has developed and evolved in response to the human need to know our roots (Silk, Big Bang 1980 456). Within in this field of study, the Big Bang theory has become the most prevalent theory, because the majority of evidence from a variety of different investigations make it extremely likely that something like the Big Bang occurred. The Big Bang theory of cosmology assumes that the universe began from a singular state of infinite density. As Joseph Silk defines the Big Bang theory, it is a model of the universe in which space-time began with an initial singularity and subsequently expands (Silk, Cosmic Enigmas 56). The theory first referenced in Alexander Friedmann's complete solution of Albert Einstein's equations, in 1922. In 1927, George ¡Ã‚ ¦s Lemaitre used equations to devise a cosmological theory that incorporated the concept that the universe has been expanding from an explosive moment of creation. However, the term "Big Bang," as a name for the initial cataclysmic event, was chosen by two men named George Gamow and R.A. Alpher due to their discovery of background radiation, a low-temperature radiation that penetrates the universe at microwave wavelengths (58). Its source is now believed to have been the extremely hot fireball with which the universe began, according to the Big Bang theory. Since its in itial introduction, much evidence has helped to strengthen its case, and other theories have been added to it, such as the Inflationary theory. This theory seeks to account for the physical events, which took place in the very first momen... Free Essays on Big Bang The mystery of the beginning of our universe has puzzled mankind since the dawn of time. This mystery is especially relevant to astronomers, who construct hypotheses called cosmological models to try to find the answer to this ancient question. This paper will focus on two of these models: The Big Bang Theory and The Steady State Model. The Big Bang model postulates that about fifteen to twenty billion years ago, the universe violently exploded. Scientist believe that before the Big Bang, all of the matter and radiation of our present universe was packed together in a primeval fireball. This fireball was in an extremely hot dense state. From this the universe rapidly expanded.1 As this expanding matter cooled, several million years later it condensed into galaxies. The universe has continued to expand, and the galaxies have continued moving away from each other ever since. Today, the universe is still expanding, as astronomers have observed. The Steady State model states that the universe does not evolve or change in time, meaning there was no beginning in the past, nor will there be change in the future. This model assumes the perfect cosmological principle. This principle states that the universe is the same everywhere on the large scale; at all times.2 It maintains the same average density of matter forever. There are observational evidences found that can prove the Big Bang model is more reasonable than the Steady State model including, the redshifts of distant galaxies. Redshift is a Doppler effect which states that if a galaxy is moving away, the spectral line of that galaxy observed will have a shift to the red end. The faster the galaxy moves the more shifts it has. If the galaxy is moving closer, the spectral line will show a blue shift. If the galaxy is not moving, there is no shift at all. However, as astronomers observed, the more distant a galaxy is from Earth, the more redshift it shows on the spectru...

Amount of life insurance to purchase Research Paper

Amount of life insurance to purchase - Research Paper Example 4. Estimate future income needs. 5. Anticipate special needs. This review follows these steps to a life insurance value. I am a 30-year-old man with a wife, same age, and two children, ages 2 and 4. I enjoy a good job paying $50,000 per year, and my wife earns $30,000. Our net take home pay is about $40,000 after all deductions. If I should die early, I want my wife to be able to stay at home and parent the children full time. We have managed to save $25,000 cash in checking and savings accounts. We have a portfolio of mutual funds, $48,000, securities, $10,000, IRAs, $6,000, and a 401K with $6,000. Our total liquid assets are $95,000. Currently, I have three times earnings as a life insurance benefit at work and a $10,000 pension death benefit for a total in force life insurance of $160,000. Upon my death, my wife would have liquid assets of $255,000. My death would cost $7,500 in funeral expenses, $5,000 deductible for medical insurance, $22,000 to clear our installment debts and a bout $3,000 in probate costs. These costs total $37,500; so the liquid assets decrease to $217,500. Insurance must replace all of our income for my wife to stay home. An after death adjustment period of two years costs about 150% of normal earnings for a total of $120,000. The children will be dependent for another 20 years.

Recommendation to an ivoirian scholar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recommendation to an ivoirian scholar - Essay Example In addition, in America, it is not common for people to just show up at another person’s home unless the latter person has invited them. It is instead customary for them to call beforehand and ask whether the person they intend to visit is either free or not. In addition, it is often necessary for the person visiting the United States to be aware that the family relationships in this country are not often the same as in other parts of the world. This is because while in other countries, it is normal for a family to have a mother, a father, and numerous children; this is often not the case in the United States. It is not uncommon to find single-parent families or individuals who have been married and divorced several times (Goransson 903). However, the American way of life is extremely liberal and this will likely ensure that one has a most pleasant visit. Among the most prevalent obstacles to research in the United States is the fact that there tends to be a lack of adequate f unding for the researcher. This is because for a researcher from outside the country, it is not easy to acquire the funding that one needs unless the said researcher has his or her own funding (Brew 423). It is also a time consuming process for the researcher to obtain permission from the authorities to conduct their research, and even if the researcher does get permission, it is often difficult for him to conduct their research in a manner which is familiar to them. One of the biggest obstacles in conducting research in the United States is the fact that the researcher might not have enough knowledge about scientific methods of research which might end up compromising the research that he intends to conducts (Thompson, Ritenbaugh, and Nichter 112). When conducting research in the United States, the researcher should ensure that all their personal issues that might end up compromising their research are dealt with before the beginning of the research process and this will help the r esearcher to give their full attention to the work at hand hence lending legitimacy and credibility to their research work.2 The official language of the United States is English and being aware that this language might not be the first language of the researcher, it would be best if he was made aware of it so that he can start acquainting himself with it (Collins 146). It may be extremely difficult for an anthropological researcher to conduct his research in country whose official language is unknown to them. It is a fact that the language barrier tends to make a lot of the researchers uncomfortable in their new environment and this would be a great hindrance for them in their research because they do not have the capacity to understand the meanings behind the actions of their research subjects.3 In fact, the language barrier may make the anthropological researcher feel isolated, especially in cases where there are no others from their home countries nearby with whom they can assoc iate. The researcher might end up taking a lot of time and hard work to get to be familiar with the local language so that they might get to conduct their research efficiently. Most researchers who tend to go to other countries tend to forget that

Proseminar On the frontier of Islam.. What role does culture play in Essay

Proseminar On the frontier of Islam.. What role does culture play in the travelers' encounter with a new religion - Essay Example ne that has been adopted in today’s world and the differences in the perception of what the Christian culture ‘thinks’ they have done in the past or they are doing today and the effect of the same on the culture and the relationship between people living as a community. We will also see how the world culture patronizes cultures of varied hues just for the sake of intellect and society. Travel through various countries and lands always invariably bring in the multifarious dimensions of the land traveled on. Cultures vary; practices vary; the way religions are practices also varies. The communication gap between the prophet and the today’s follower has increased to a great extent and on more than one occasion, the teachings of the prophet has been forgotten or not understood or worse still, not read at all. More or less this happens to be the case with the Christian and other Pagan religions as well. In the Medieval Eurasia and Africa, the clash of the religions was substantial high. This was reflected in the words of the Leo the African traveler on more than one occasion. Leo, as a Muslim started his run away from his birthplace, Grenada since he was chased out by the Christian capturers of Grenada. His journey went through Morocco and Egypt which happen to be Muslim and the difficulties he faces are minimal. Though, his adventures do invoke interest in the reader. Until, he falls into the hands of a set of Christian Pirates who take him as a prisoner for and on behalf of the Pope. He was a made a slave of the Pope. Travel in the Medieval world or on the threshold of the Modern world was very precarious particularly traveling into another country which had a different religion as its practice. In the early twentieth century, this clash had reached a crescendo. For instance, the Russians did not have any religion to support as a matter of fact, they were against the practice of any religion and hence there was an immense gap between the people who

Crisis Communications Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Crisis Communications Plan - Essay Example The plan to do this will need to be executed in the next 7 days and will involve executive participation all levels including that of the Managing Director. 3. The significance of the situation is that pressure from the victim's family and from a well-known entity (BBC Watchdog) may generate public demand for Breathe Flow Strips to be banned from sale. This would potentially cut sales revenue by up to 50%. We present here a summary of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) with respect to this crisis situation. As a consequence, we also extend to a CASE (Confront, Avoid, Search, Exploit). Because of the nature of this crisis and its potentially devastating effects on the company as a whole, we also extend our analysis to include EPISTLE as well. Strengths: The company has a positive brand image (recent reports) for Breathe Flow Strips with the general public and is endorsed by popular sporting figures who are associated with integrity and honesty by the public. Weaknesses: The company was unaware of the problem of abuse of Breathe Flow Strips by drugs users and had not made efforts to contain or reduce the problem, other than general instructions on Breathe Flow Strips products to only use them for the purposes indicated on the packet. Lack of control of sales channels concerning clubs and club-goers. Threats: Mounting ... Weaknesses: The company was unaware of the problem of abuse of Breathe Flow Strips by drugs users and had not made efforts to contain or reduce the problem, other than general instructions on Breathe Flow Strips products to only use them for the purposes indicated on the packet. Lack of control of sales channels concerning clubs and club-goers. Opportunity: Restore and strengthen public confidence in Breathe Flow Strips by mounting an anti-drugs campaign and involving current popular endorsers in this campaign Threats: Mounting public pressure to curtail or ban the sales of Breathe Flow Strips, possibility of government intervention, growing perception by drugs-users of Breathe Flow Strips products being a desirable accessory to drugs abuse. For the CASE analysis (Confront, Avoid, Search, Exploit): Confront (Strength against Threat): The company must leverage its current public image to the full and publicly state its ban on the use of Breathe Flow Strips for any application other than medical and sporting. Involvement of endorsers in a campaign in clubs to warn against the dangers of drug abuse. Avoid (Weakness against Threat): Avoid confrontation with the public or with BBC Watchdog, even though the company has always acted with honour and integrity. Avoid discussion of lack of prior information concerning the abuse problem that might be interpreted as negligent on the part of the company. Search (Weakness compared to Opportunity): Issues Management group to repair public image and to prevent the recurrence of similar situations. Exploit (Strength compared to Opportunity): Strengthen endorsement relationship by involving popular endorsers in an

Discuss using an extended example how annual report and accounts can Essay

Discuss using an extended example how annual report and accounts can be used to analyse and - Essay Example Other than the three key statements the annual reports include- Analysis and discussion by the company management; report relating to internal control and report stating the fairness and transparency of the financial statements. Under the management discussion and analysis section there is an explanation with regard to any significant changes in the current year’s performance over the previous years (Warren, et al., 2008, p.785). In the financial statements published by Sony Corporation for the financial year ending 2010 the Sales and operating revenue of the company for the last three financial years has been shown in a comparative way. The operating income of the company for the last three years has also been compared in the form of a bar chart. This shows how this income had dipped in 2009 but recovered, albeit marginally, in the 2010 fiscal. The marginal rise in the revenue is a positive sign for the investors as it signifies that the company has managed to overcome the losses of the previous years. Various other charts relating to Free Cash flow, Capital expenditure and R&D investment have also been shown by the company. These give an idea about the investment practices of the company. Financial ratios can be computed using the financial data of the company relating to net income, sales, financial expenses, debt, equity, assets etc. Using these one can get an idea about the liquidity strength, profitability, debt position, earnings capacity of the company. This is considered to be the most effective tool in assessing the financial soundness of the company (Gibson, 2008, p.452). For the financial year 2010 Sony has prepared a Consolidated Statement of Income where it has depicted the financial data for three years- 2010, 2009 and 2008. Using the sales and net income for this three year period one can prepare the net profit margin

Crisis Communications Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Crisis Communications Plan - Essay Example The plan to do this will need to be executed in the next 7 days and will involve executive participation all levels including that of the Managing Director. 3. The significance of the situation is that pressure from the victim's family and from a well-known entity (BBC Watchdog) may generate public demand for Breathe Flow Strips to be banned from sale. This would potentially cut sales revenue by up to 50%. We present here a summary of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) with respect to this crisis situation. As a consequence, we also extend to a CASE (Confront, Avoid, Search, Exploit). Because of the nature of this crisis and its potentially devastating effects on the company as a whole, we also extend our analysis to include EPISTLE as well. Strengths: The company has a positive brand image (recent reports) for Breathe Flow Strips with the general public and is endorsed by popular sporting figures who are associated with integrity and honesty by the public. Weaknesses: The company was unaware of the problem of abuse of Breathe Flow Strips by drugs users and had not made efforts to contain or reduce the problem, other than general instructions on Breathe Flow Strips products to only use them for the purposes indicated on the packet. Lack of control of sales channels concerning clubs and club-goers. Threats: Mounting ... Weaknesses: The company was unaware of the problem of abuse of Breathe Flow Strips by drugs users and had not made efforts to contain or reduce the problem, other than general instructions on Breathe Flow Strips products to only use them for the purposes indicated on the packet. Lack of control of sales channels concerning clubs and club-goers. Opportunity: Restore and strengthen public confidence in Breathe Flow Strips by mounting an anti-drugs campaign and involving current popular endorsers in this campaign Threats: Mounting public pressure to curtail or ban the sales of Breathe Flow Strips, possibility of government intervention, growing perception by drugs-users of Breathe Flow Strips products being a desirable accessory to drugs abuse. For the CASE analysis (Confront, Avoid, Search, Exploit): Confront (Strength against Threat): The company must leverage its current public image to the full and publicly state its ban on the use of Breathe Flow Strips for any application other than medical and sporting. Involvement of endorsers in a campaign in clubs to warn against the dangers of drug abuse. Avoid (Weakness against Threat): Avoid confrontation with the public or with BBC Watchdog, even though the company has always acted with honour and integrity. Avoid discussion of lack of prior information concerning the abuse problem that might be interpreted as negligent on the part of the company. Search (Weakness compared to Opportunity): Issues Management group to repair public image and to prevent the recurrence of similar situations. Exploit (Strength compared to Opportunity): Strengthen endorsement relationship by involving popular endorsers in an

Neutrality of Money Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Neutrality of Money - Essay Example The major influence on the monetary economics and its central role in most of the developed economies has been from the work of Milton Friedman who actually first accepted the ideas of Keynesian economics however then went on to argue against them outlining the greater role of the equilibrium money supply and demand as the key variable for achieving the objectives of monetary policy in any economy. A central issue or debate in monetary economics however, rests with the neutrality of money i.e the increase in money supply results into an equivalent increase in wages and price level. The basic assumption behind the neutrality of money is that central bank potentially has no role in the economy as money does not tend to affect the real variables in the economy. Different views on the neutrality of money however, suggested that the changes in the nominal stock of money supply in the economy tend to affect the economy at least in the short run however, in long run money tend to behave as neutral. This paper will therefore attempt to explain and explore the notion of neutrality of money, the relevant debates on the neutrality of money and what are the different positions adapted by different schools of thoughts in macroeconomics. Neutrality of Money Neutrality of money is based on the assumption that the changes in the aggregate money supply in an economy can only affect the nominal variables. This therefore can result into the simultaneously increase in the prices as well as wages however, it will not affect the real output i.e. real GDP, level of unemployment or real price level in the economy. (Shaw, Greenaway, & McCrostie,1997). Classical economics suggested that the changes in the aggregate money supply in the economy is not going to change the aggregate demand for goods, services and technology in the economy. The term neutrality of money was originally coined by F Hayek indicating a market clearing interest rate which actually could not create booms and bursts under the market equilibrium conditions.( Saving, 1973). The later explanations of this concept therefore clearly established that the central bank does not have any role in the economy because changes in the money supply are not going to affect the economy and some of the nominal variables. This view was deeply held by the classical economists and was subsequently endorsed by the Keynesian model however, with the slight variations. The neutrality of money however is based on some fundamental assumptions such as the inflexibility of the prices, inelastic expectations as well as the absence of money illusion or distribution effects. Under these circumstances, it was generally agreed that the changes in the money supply can only create the changes in the price level as well as the wage rates without affecting the economy in real. Classical views on neutrality of money In order to understand the classical views on the neutrality of money, it is important to explore the idea of classic al dichotomy. According to the classical dichotomy, there are two types of variables i.e. real and nominal. Real variables are being measured based on the relative prices whereas the nominal variables are measured in monetary terms. Thus according to the classical economics, the changes in the money supply can only affect the nominal variables and will not affect the real variables. The above graph shows that with the rise in the money supply, aggregate demand (AD) curve makes a parallel shift to AD’. However, since output is considered at the full employment level, a rise in the money supply will not change the output level and the output level will be restored back to the same level Y. One of the implications of this rise in the money

Wireless devices without Wi-Fi Essay Example for Free

Wireless devices without Wi-Fi Essay 3.1.1 What would happen if wireless devices were not governed by the Wi-Fi Alliance and each vendor had its own standards and protocols? What impact would this have on your personal life or business communications? Personal information and business will slow down due to each vendor having its own standards/protocols. It will also be more vulnerable to attacks and make accessing more difficult. 3.1.2 Give another example of a model that is used to visualize something that is difficult to observe or perceive. How does the model make it easier to understand? Another way of displaying information for easier understanding is to use a flow chart. A flow chart can be used as a step by step guide. 3.1.3 Based on what you already know about networks, what are the different layers you think would be necessary for communication to be mapped to a model? Consider direct connections between host devices and connections that require other routing equipment, such as a hub, switch, or router. 1. Data link 2. Physical 3. Application 4. Network 5. Transport 3.1.4 The granularity of the reference model will often determine the usefulness of the model. What will happen if a model is too general? What will happen if a model is too granular (focused on individual detail)? If the data is too detailed, it may overlap with other information. However if the data is too general, then there may be crucial information missing. 3.1 Review 1. Why would a three-layer model of communication that has the layers  physical, network, and application be insufficient to adequately describe network communication? The model would be insufficient because it would not have the ability to transport data to any other network. 2. What is the history of the OSI reference model? How did it come about and why was it created? Use your textbook and internet research to support your answer. OSI was created in the late 1970s. It was created to define a unifying standard of architecture for networking systems. OSI was meant to be the foundation for what would later be known as the internet but when comparing to TCP/IP protocols, OSI just wasn’t enough to support the rapid growth of the internet. Now, the OSI model is used to explain networking in general terms. OSI is still used today by software/hardware designers to clarify roles in a networking system. 3. What is the history of TCP/IP model? Why was it created? Use your textbook and internet research to support your answer. TCP/IP was developed in the early 1970s, originally as part of a research network the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) developed. However, due to the TCP/IP protocols limitations and flaws, ARPA developed a new network. In the mid-1970s, it was found that TCP was attempting to do too much. This is when they decided to split TCP and IP into two separate layers. In the 1980s, TCP/IP was used to run ARPAnet and also started to expand to other machines and networks, completely evolving ARPAnet. This is how the internet was born. 3.2.1 Using Figure 3-1, define each layer of the OSI model in your own words and state what each layer provides. Use your textbook or internet research to support your answer. Application – Quality of service is established, communication partners are identifies, user authentication and privacy is considered and established. Presentation – Changes data into a form that the application can accept. Session – Manages and terminates connections between applications. Transport – Transfers data between systems, maintains flow control and recovery. Network – Provides switches and routing technologies and creating logical paths. Data link – Data packet is encoded Physical – provides the hardware necessary for sending and receiving data, bit stream 3.2.2 Using Figure 3-2 as a basis, complete the diagram to show the intermediate  encapsulation provided by each layer. Use your textbook and internet research to support your answer. Transport – Segments Network – Packets Data link – Frame 3.2.3 Briefly explain the de-encapsulation steps in the communication of host B receiving a message and host A destined for an active application. Host A will use application for the OS while allowing the PC to still communicate to other devices. Transport will control the data sent and received. The network will place IP addresses to the packets allowing data to be added to the MAC addresses and physical link between host and lines. Exercise 3.2.4 Explain why routing devices do not need the upper layer of the OSI model to route traffic. What is the highest layer of the OSI model used by the router to decide where to forward traffic? The first three layers of the OSI is typically what a router needs to route traffic. The first three layer are physical, data link and network. The highest level the OSI decide where to forward traffic to is the transport layer which is located in the host layers. Lab 3.2 Review 1. How does the abstraction of the physical layer facilitate interoperability across networks using different types of physical wires? IP terminals might be located in different parts of the build making it complex. There are lines coming in and out of the build that might be different than that issued to a company. To try and replace one will be complex, confusing and time consuming if unsure. 2. The OSI model is not directly implemented in networking and often the distinction between the layers will blur in implementation. Why does it endure despite these issues? Use your textbook and internet research to justify your answer. Technicians still use the OSI model because it gives a step by step guide on  how the information is being transported and makes troubleshooting more precise. 3. Given the purpose of each, is it necessary to retain the top three layers of the OSI model as separate entities? Use your textbook and internet research to justify your answer. It is not necessary to keep the top three layers of the OSI model when TCP/IP combines the top three layers of OSI into one layer that ultimately does the same functions. Exercise 3.3.1 Using your textbook and internet research, create a mapping between the TCP/IP model and the OSI reference model. What are the distinct differences between them? One major difference between OSI and TCP/IP is the first three layers of OSI are combined into a single layer in TCP/IP known as the Application Layer. The other difference is the last two layers, Data link and Physical layer are combined into one layer known as Network Access or Link Layer. Exercise 3.3.2 Identify the layer in which each protocol resides according to the TCP/IP model. OSI # OSI Layer Name TCP/IP # TCP/IP Layer Name Encapsulation Units TCP/IP Protocols 7 Application 4 Application Data FTP, HTTP, POP3, IMAP, telnet, SMTP, DNS, TFTP 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Transport Segments TCP, UDP 3 Network 2 Internet Packets IP 2 Data Link 1 Network Access Frames 1 Physical Bits Exercise 3.3.3 The most common protocols used from this suite are IP, TCP, and UDP. Briefly describe the purpose and function of each of these. Use your textbook and internet research to support your answer. UDP – User datagram protocol – this is a connectionless service the gives best-effort delivery but does not guarantee delivery. This is often used for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications such as video conference applications. IP – Internet protocol – Primarily a communications protocol within the internet protocol suite that relays datagrams across network boundaries. Ultimately it establishes the Internet. Delivers packets from the source host to destination hosts based on IP address in the packet header. TCP – Transmission Control Protocol – Core protocol of IP. Known for its reliability and error checking delivery between programs running on computers connected by common networks. Sends data in the form of message units between comp uters using the internet. Lab 3.3 Review 1. UDP is a connectionless protocol, unlike TCP, so there is no feedback on whether a packet was received. When would this type of protocol be used and what is the benefit of using it? Use your textbook and internet research to draw your conclusions. UDP is ideal for when you are managing a large amount of information and you don’t want to use TCP because the operating system won’t be able to support that many sessions at one time. This does not happen frequently as TCP has become more reliable but it still is one example of why you’d rather use UDP. UDP can also get a quick response from another server more quickly. However UDP has been viewed as unreliable because there is no feedback and information can get lost. 2. HTTP is the common protocol used to retrieve web resources in a web browser. This runs over TCP/IP networks using TCP. What characteristics of TCP make its use in this situation desirable? Use your textbook and internet  research to draw your conclusion. The feedback feature in TCP is ideal because you are guaranteed that messages will be sent and received successfully. One common application that is a prime example of TCP and its success is through e-mail. Exercise 3.4.1 The data link layer introduces physical addressing in the form of Media Access Control (MAC) addresses. Each frame header is Ethernet, for example, will contain a source and destination MAC address. Why is this sufficient to route traffic locally without invoking the higher-level logical addressing? Use your textbook and internet research to guide your conclusion. MAC addresses are sufficient enough to route traffic to other networks because the frame header of MAC addresses contains all that is required without having to access higher level logical addresses. Exercise 3.4.2 Choose one of the captured packets. Click the + sign next to the Ethernet entry. This should give you the data link layer information for the frame, including the source and destination MAC addresses. Record the frame number and the source and destination MAC addresses identified by the data link layer heading. You can identify a MAC address by its format; for example, 00: 26: 62: 65: 81: 07 00:26:62:65:81:07 is a MAC address. These are commonly written in hexadecimal shorthand. Exercise 3.4.3 Open a web browser and navigate to a site that you use frequently (or visit www.pearson.com) while the packet capture is active. This will record the individual frames involved in resolving the website and delivering its content to your PC. When you view this traffic in the life packet capture, what protocols do you see invoked? You can find these under the Protocol heading for each frame. Exercise 3.4.4 and Exercise 3.4.5 cannot do because student doesn’t have access to data link layer connection (Omnipeek). Lab 3.4 Review 1. Wireshark give you the ability to save captured traffic. This can be a  great benefit to network administrators, but it can also pose a security risk. What kind of security risks does this present? Use your textbook and internet research to support your conclusion. There are a few risks associated with Wireshark. There is a possibility of a back-door hack, and the security configuration of Wireshark enables it to run in the background after exiting. While running in the background, one can access your routing information, IP addresses, passwords and usernames. 2. The frame encapsulates all other information from the higher layers of the network communication. What kind of information on the network layer encapsulation is available in Wireshark? Using Wireshark, you can track Wi-Fi access, IP addresses, network routings and encrypted packets.

Genres of Films Topic

Genres of Films Topic Film is an art. Just as the art itself, Film has a complex range of departments. Therefore, learning the classification of the film is definitely the first key for the learning of the film. The genre can also be called type or kind, which is used in the film culture. For example, film production, the popular consumption, the reception of films and etc (Langford, 2005). In the movie world, there are many different types of movies and there are many film classifications. There are a lot of controversies about genres of films, which can be categorized in many ways. For example, in the aspect of the content of the film, there are action, comedy, crime, horror and etc. And also the concept of the genre of films is vague, which means that there is no definite boundaries between two kinds of genres and boundaries of the genre of films are shifting. For example, there are action comedy, comedy horror, military comedy, and etc. The Back-Up Plan is a funny movie. In the beginning of the film, a desperate girl named Zoe wants nothing more than to meet the man who she loves and have a happy family with somebody. And the desire to have a family is more and more strong. Having dated for several years without any result, Zoe decides to solve the problem herself and fulfill her wishes by getting inseminated artificially. On that very day, on which she gets inseminated, along comes the man of her dreams, Stan. Stan is a cheese selling farmer. Hes a handsome young man and he is very charming. The two nice persons fall in love with each other quickly. After learning that Zoe is pregnant, Stan is a little hesitated and amazing. But after some serious considering, he is still willing to help her raise this kid who isnt his actually. They live together for nine months and finally have a baby of their own. The genre of The Back-Up Plan. According to the current classification of the most mainstream, there are adventure, animation, comedy, horror, crime, documentary, drama, musical, romance and etc. For example, adventure is a type of movie hard to explain literally, such as a personal biography or a legend. And some movie is a description of an event, which also belongs to the genre of adventure. Crime can be regarded as a big genre in American movies, which is a popular genre, such as the Godfather series, Pulp Fiction and so on. In these genres, The Back-Up Plan belongs to comedy. Comedy is generally exaggerated and it always has clever structure, witty lines and comic character. In The Back-Up Plan, during the first meet of Zoe and Stan, their lines are very funny. And the leading actressÂÂ  herself is an interesting woman. In comedy, the beautiful idea of life will always be affirmed. In The Back-Up Plan, Zoes desire for a family or a baby is fulfilled at last. Conflicts in comedy tend to be solved more lively and a perfect circle will be achieved. And also comedy films often reveal our social values and some preoccupations in our daily life (Lopez, 2000). When Stan knows that Zoe has a baby, Stan is confused and they have some quarrels. But after his considering, his love for her is more firm. Later, Zoe is not sure about Stans love and she is afraid of his leaving. However, through a wedding of her mother, she goes back to Stan. These problems are solved much easier, which is the characteristic of c omedy. Finally, like other comedies, Stan and Zoe have a perfect circle. Referring to the dimensions of genre, there are Iconography, Industry practice, Audience expectation, Ideology and myth. In the aspect of iconography, the setting of the film is peoples daily life. The character of the film is a woman left on the shelf, who is funny and brave. And then the theme of it is romantic love. Concerning the industry practice, the location of audience of The Back-Up Plan can be regarded as these older women left and it is a typical Hollywood film. The third dimension of genre of films is audience expectation. In the film, the life of Zoe sometimes seems a mess while it makes the audience laugh. Whether the audience is an old woman left or not, he or she will be interested in the strange life order of Zoe. Then the last dimension is genre and myth. From the aspect of theory and other three dimensions, the genre of The Back-Up Plan is romantic comedy. Comedy can be roughly divided into two types: the romantic comedy and satirical comedy. Satirical comedies often take current events as the theme of the film, which always concern the social and political problems by the authors humor writing style. The back-Up Plan is funny and a bit touching. To say in this regard, The Back-Up Plan is a romantic comedy. Romantic comedy often uses the topics like love stories. The plot forward of the story is often organized by some misunderstanding and clarifying (King, 2002). By the conflicts between Stan and Zoe and their clarifying, The Back-Up Plan tells people that it is very important to trust your partner who loves you and also you love and to accept the things he or she does. It is a feel good movie, which lets the women of the world believe that there are still some good men out there. And the other characteristic of the film is that the crazy and tough time that women experience during a pregnancy is presented. These features all prove th at The Back-Up Plan is a romantic comedy. Analysis on Journey to the Center of the Earth. Introduction of Journey to the Center of the Earth. Trevor is a geologist, whose brother, Max believed that the center of the Earth could be reached through the volcanic tubes and disappeared on a mysterious expedition. One day, Trevor is inspired by a password in a previous letter. Accompanied by his nephew, Trevor conducts an expedition to travel through the center of the earth. Before the process, they meet Hannah, who they find living in Maxs former research headquarters near the volcano he was investigating. They drop down from a crater of Iceland. Then in the expedition, they fall very frequently, and very far. However, no matter how frequently or how far they fall, they will land without injury. They always remain remarkably optimistic. They believe that there must be a way out of there. Overcoming all kinds of difficulties, like water shortage, lost, storm, they succeed to come back to the ground from a volcano of the westbound island. The genre of Journey to the Center of the Earth. The genre of Journey to the Center of the Earth is an adventure film. In adventure films, the characters always have some new experiences, which are often exciting or dangerous (Taves, 1993). The themes of adventure films include travels, conquests, expeditions, dangerous situations that the main characters encounter, some actual historical figures, and etc. The setting of Journey to the Center of the Earth is an adventure fanatic. In a rather short time, people have conquered the source of the Nile, the Sahara, Africa, North and South poles and the untouched wilderness on the earth becomes less and less. On the other hand, science and technology, especially archeology and geology have got an unprecedented development. The setting decides that the genre of the film is adventure. The character in the film, Trevor is a curious and clever man, which predicts that he will try his best to find out the cause of his brothers death. And because of his curiosity and wisdom, the journey must be a successful one. And then the audience location can be regarded as these who like risking and expediting. The theme of the film is to prove a new theory about the earth. During the expedition, they encounter many adventures, including prehistoric animals and natural hazards. The plot of the film has many ups and downs. The romantic and science imagination takes the audience into a fantasy world beyond space and time. Also it can be seen that adventure films are similar to action films, which shows that the boundary between two genres is shifting and become vague (Brode, 2003). Journey to the Center of the Earth is designed to be active and the characters have energetic experience, which makes the film is similar to action films. Conclusion. Today the genre of films is more and more complex and the boundary between two genres is more and more vague. The full understanding of the genre of films helps people understand and comprehend these film works better and more objectively. At first, the article makes a brief introduction about the genre of films. And then the article focuses on comedy films and adventure films by analyzing the two films, the Back-Up Plan and Journey to the Center of the Earth, which will result in a deeper understanding of comedy films and adventure films.

Richard Rodriguez :: essays research papers

Close Reading "It mattered that education was changing me. It never ceased to matter. My brother and sisters would giggle at our mother’s mispronounced words. They’d correct her gently. My mother laughed girlishly one night, trying not to pronounce sheep as ship. From a distance I listened sullenly. From that distance, pretending not to notice on another occasion, I saw my father looking at the title pages of my library books. That was the scene on my mind when I walked home with a fourth-grade companion and heard him say that his parents read to him every night. (A strange sounding book-Winnie the Pooh.) Immediately, I wanted to know, what is it like?" My companion, however, thought I wanted to know about the plot of the book. Another day, my mother surprised me by asking for a "nice" book to read. "Something not too hard you think I might like." Carefully I chose one, Willa Cather’s My ‘Antonia. But when, several weeks later, I happene d to see it next to her bed unread except for the first few pages, I was furious and suddenly wanted to cry. I grabbed up the book and took it back to my room and placed it in its place, alphabetically on my shelf." (p.626-627) As seen in this paragraph of Richard Rodriguez’s autobiographical essay "Achievement of Desire", he looks back on his childhood remembering his family, friends, and himself. Although, he can only recall feeling anger and sadness at the fact that his parents were poorly educated. His feelings are first seen when he listens sullenly to his mother try and pronounce the word sheep correctly. It seems like he is angered at the not only his mother for not speaking correct English but also his siblings for not correcting her harshly. He adds beforehand that his brother and sister would giggle at her for pronouncing words wrong and that they would "correct her gently." Also Rodriguez feels emptiness, and sadness when his friend informs him that his parents read "Winnie the Pooh" to him every night and young Richard wants to know what it is like (being read to). What made him feel this emptiness or sadness was when his friend mistook his question and told him the plot of the book instead. "My companion, however, thought I wanted to know about the plot of the book." He wants to know what it is like to have educated parents that can read to him but that is not possible. Richard Rodriguez :: essays research papers Close Reading "It mattered that education was changing me. It never ceased to matter. My brother and sisters would giggle at our mother’s mispronounced words. They’d correct her gently. My mother laughed girlishly one night, trying not to pronounce sheep as ship. From a distance I listened sullenly. From that distance, pretending not to notice on another occasion, I saw my father looking at the title pages of my library books. That was the scene on my mind when I walked home with a fourth-grade companion and heard him say that his parents read to him every night. (A strange sounding book-Winnie the Pooh.) Immediately, I wanted to know, what is it like?" My companion, however, thought I wanted to know about the plot of the book. Another day, my mother surprised me by asking for a "nice" book to read. "Something not too hard you think I might like." Carefully I chose one, Willa Cather’s My ‘Antonia. But when, several weeks later, I happene d to see it next to her bed unread except for the first few pages, I was furious and suddenly wanted to cry. I grabbed up the book and took it back to my room and placed it in its place, alphabetically on my shelf." (p.626-627) As seen in this paragraph of Richard Rodriguez’s autobiographical essay "Achievement of Desire", he looks back on his childhood remembering his family, friends, and himself. Although, he can only recall feeling anger and sadness at the fact that his parents were poorly educated. His feelings are first seen when he listens sullenly to his mother try and pronounce the word sheep correctly. It seems like he is angered at the not only his mother for not speaking correct English but also his siblings for not correcting her harshly. He adds beforehand that his brother and sister would giggle at her for pronouncing words wrong and that they would "correct her gently." Also Rodriguez feels emptiness, and sadness when his friend informs him that his parents read "Winnie the Pooh" to him every night and young Richard wants to know what it is like (being read to). What made him feel this emptiness or sadness was when his friend mistook his question and told him the plot of the book instead. "My companion, however, thought I wanted to know about the plot of the book." He wants to know what it is like to have educated parents that can read to him but that is not possible.

united nations :: essays research papers

UN:United Nations The United Nations was established on October 29, 1945. The United Nations was formed right after World War 2. It was also formed for international assembly of Nations to bring world peace. The United Nations is the successor of the league of Nations, a kind of the same organizationformed after World War 1 that failed to stop another war. The United Nations was first outlined in the Dumbarton Oaks Proposal of 1944. In the Yalta confrence the biggest threes of those times ,United States,Soviet Union, and Great Britian. They all sat together trying to solve promblems concerning the UN.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United Nations was formed in six parts, they were: General Assembly which the legislative body of the UN were all nations are equal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Economic Social Council- handles economic and social projects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Security Council- which is responsible for international peace and security issues ,it has five permanent members (United States, Great Britian , China , France ,and U.S.S.R).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trusteeship Coucil- handles or supervises UN territories former colonies which have yet to become independent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  International Court of Justice- settles international disputes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secretariat- the administrative branch of the UN.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the cold war the UN was the host to a bunch of conflicts between U.S.S.R and the United States . They used the General Assembly where all nations are equal. They used it by talking or arguing verbally attack on each other . At Dumbarton Oaks Confrence (Aug-Oct1944). These five countries drafted proposed to new organizations. At the Yalta confrence Feb. 1945 more stuff was agreed. The UN Charter was signed on June 26, and require number of states on Oct 24.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The General Assembly first met in London on Jan,10,1946. The UN decided to locate the headquarters in the United States. In Dec. 1946 John D. Rockefeller Jr. gave the General Assembly 8.5 million.With that pocket money they (UN) bought a piece of land along the East River of New York city for their headquarters.the principal buildings they were the Secretariat,the General Assembly, and the confrence building were completed in 1952.

The Ocean

Why do I do it? Why do I scare myself with the ocean†¦? It is true, it is merciless, literally; it’s not conscious, so it has no feelings, no remorse, no pity, no awareness. It would be wrong to say it is inanimate, because it is certainly animate. And not alive, yet contains so much life within it might as well be. Like a Frankenstein body filled with cells and bacteria and nerve impulses yet no consciousness. My worst nightmare – I don’t have it very often but it’s a strong one – can take a variety of forms and happen in a variety of places: it’s being overwhelmed by a tsunami.I sat watching one of the biggest waves in the world – at Teahupoo – with my friend, a psychologist. I asked her what a psychologist would say that fear of a tsunami meant. â€Å"I dunno. Probably something to do with your mother. Normally is, eh? †. But I can’t help thinking I’m also just simply scared of death by drowning. Why then do I travel by freighter ship, why then do I want to sail across the ocean in a tiny sail boat? Funnily, the tsunami dream never occurs at sea. It’s always the shore that is inundated. With that wall of approaching death. But the sea still scares me.As well it should. It is the only sensible reaction to be cautious of such a beast. I keep on wishing to anthropomorphise it. Should I? Cautious, yes†¦ but scared? I’m trying to work out is my fear rational or irrational. Do I think the sea, the ocean, symbolises something, someone? Do I think something – like the tsunami – is coming to get me? Or someone? Or is it myself that’s haunting me? Even here on the bridge, of a vast freighter ship, 150 feet above the calm dark waters of the Pacific, I worry. I am outside, I hear a horn. Was that ours, I ask?The watchmen say no maybe it was the radio. It wasn’t a radio. I check the radar – nothing. I skip outside again this time with bi noculars. Give me a man with binoculars over your electronic instruments. Or is it just my lack of faith? Faith in what? In technology? In buoyancy? In myself? Every time I stand at a railing I crouch slightly. I am secretly terrified that someone might come up behind me and just topple me in. Even during the day to drop off the side of this ship would be practically certain death. No doubt about it. You would be gone, gone, gone.No one would see. And by the time they noticed your absence at dinner they would never, ever find you. Maybe the worst thing is that I know the ocean could swallow this whole enormous ship and not care. Not even show a trace of where it had been. Two miles deep in a matter of hours. The first mate assures me, helpfully, that yes, that could happen. Sometimes, they break in two, he says. And sink in minutes. So helpful. Not what I expected or hoped for him to say. And maybe that’s another thing. That if you die in a car crash at least there’s a body.There’s something for your family to cry over, to mourn, there’s a proof that you existed. Die in the ocean and they’ll probably never find your body. Your life, and the physical proof of your existence, will both be gone at the same time. We like to think we would live on in other’s memories. But it would be nice to have a grave. And there’s no substitute for still existing. I never realised before: yes, I want to lie in a grave. I want to die in a bed, and then be put in a grave. An orchard, where I can turn into sweet apples. Don’t tell anyone.But here, I don’t belong. This is not where I came from. As beautiful as it is this place, under the moon, the light on the ocean (or is that glimmer some obstacle we are heading for a collision with? ) it is not our home. We are not returning to the ocean, because it’s not where we’re from. Our bodies know this. They are averse to the endless waters where we could be lost , forever, completely, and never nurture the lands of our home again. On the horizon there is lightning. We can see a long way here: we can see everything – so we see lightning striking on all sides.Far in the distance. Out here, this is the wilderness, the wildnerness that was always here, and always will be. So much the same, and yet it keeps changing. Yet never for the better – not for good. You can never truly know it, and never make it your home, not here; however good your bushcraft. On land, in the wilderness, you could find a cave, a tree, build a cabin, protect yourself from the elements. Former wildernesses are communities, pubs, shopping malls. But the sea will always be a wilderness. Simply enough to lay your nose and mouth in will kill you.Just imagine what a whole ocean of it could do. What if that lightning suddenly strikes, on all sides, the rain lashing down, the waves lapping up? Already every time a furniture fitting shudders I worry. I stop writing to judge our pitch, our roll, is everything okay? I think I’m becoming more like my mum. But what if that lightning animated the sea, struck, lit it up with its ferocious flash of energy and gave life to that unconscious Frankenstein body? It’s alive, and it’s all around us, it’s angry and wild and immense.The combination is overwhelming, impressive, and terrifying. It’s alive, it towers over you; it’s coming to get you. You wonder why it hasn’t got you already. What watery trickery these sailors have with their heavy keel, with their well-shaped hull: to cheat death and rob the sea of its would-be prize. But the sea doesn’t care. It is poised over you like a skyscraper, one that comes crashing down every few seconds. And it does that again. And again. And again. Every few seconds, on every side. For hours. And then it’s calm. And as quickly as the storm came it relinquishes you.After all, it doesn’t care, it†™s not a man, an intellect, or a vengeance. It’s not your subconscious. It’s just a storm. And all that you have to protect yourself from it – all that I have to protect myself from it – is not luck or fate or talismans or wishes or even hopes or life plans or dreams. Nor technology nor skill nor discipline nor toil nor anything earned. Only yourself – only myself. Relying on myself, knowing myself, trusting, completely, myself, my mind, my body, my thoughts, my actions. And maybe that is why the ocean is so so scary.

Dai Sijie’s book ‘Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress’ Essay

In Dai Sijie’s book, ‘Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress’, the two main characters are brought together to experience the hardships of re-education but even then they manage to stay ‘hopeful’. Dai Sijie focuses on the survival and the power of human spirit and imagination to endure of Luo and the narrator, Ma. The boys stay ‘hopeful’ by finding solutions to their problems during the re-education. Luo feels physically tired and so turns back the hands of the clock to get some extra sleep so he can get through the day. The Little Chinese Seamstress tries and cures Luo of his disease even though she doesn’t have the proper medical equipment. Four-Eyes on the other hand continues to try and impress the peasants by risking the chance of getting caught with all the banned books by leaving his door open just to display his trust in the peasants and by hiding away meat and pretending that he doesn’t eat meat to please them. The boys can be viewed as ‘hopeful’ in the ways in which they adapt to and find solutions to the hardships of re-education such as manipulating the start of the working day with the alarm clock. The boys confess a few days after getting to the mountain and carrying the buckets of shit up and down the mountain, ‘in the end we had changed the position of the hands so many times we had no idea what the time really was.’ The boys take advantage of the peasants’ ignorance of technology to cheat the village of their labor. But they are only doing this because of the harshness of re-education that led them to be this physically drained out. They were being forced to turn into cheaters but for them this wasn’t deceiving, it was merely how they believed they could bring their bodies back to normal and start adapting to the change. By saying losing track of ‘what the time really was’, Dai Sijie also symbolizes their fear of never returning to their families and leading their old lives. Besides Luo finding a solution to the hard working conditions during the re-education, the Little Chinese Seamstress found a solution to curing Luo’s malaria and stayed ‘hopeful’. Although during the time of the re-education, there were no proper medical care and due to that Luo may have suffered from malaria for a long time. On the way to the Little Chinese Seamstress’s house for the oral cinema in her town, another attack struck Luo and when they arrived at, Luo looked really sick so the Little Chinese Seamstress used a natural medicine on him and hoped that it worked. She didn’t panic and act irrationally. The remedy that used was a natural paste made of the leaves of a plant called ‘Broken-bowl-shards.’ This shows that the Seamstress believes in nature and tries her luck wherever she can. She says ‘In my opinion you can’t believe in them totally, but you can’t deny them either.’ This just proves that whethe r or not the results are going to be as desired, it is definitely worth a shot. Four-Eyes is a representation of a character who would do anything to escape re-education and his continuous tries are what make him seem ‘hopeful’ that one day he will succeed. Ever since he has been living on the mountain, he doesn’t lock the doors of his house. When the readers first hear from him about this he claims that he is ‘so anxious to demonstrate his trust in the revolutionary peasants that he never used to lock his doors.’ This just proves how desperate he is for their trust. He leaves his door unlocked even though he has a hidden suitcase of books that if found, can get him into serious troubles but he is willing to take that risk. He is also abstaining from meat. ‘He would spring to his feet, quickly hide the pan in a corner as if it were contraband, and put out a dish of marinated vegetables.’ This not only portrays his fear, but the use of the word ‘contraband’ by Dai Sijie is interesting as it brings up other suggestions. Contrabands are illegally smuggled goods and the comparison between the meat and the contraband shows how scared Four-Eyes is. To Four-Eyes, ‘eating meat struck him a crime typical of the bourgeois class to which his family belonged’ so he decided to sacrifice eating meat. Four-Eyes stops at nothing to gain his pleasures. This single-mindedness in the face of adversity (when he breaks his glasses and the boys find him trying to carry the rice sacks alone) could be viewed as a form of hopefulness. To conclude, I have to say that the boys need to be credited for having dealt with their situations so optimistically. They only had a ‘three in a thousand chance’ of returning home but even then they have stayed ‘hopeful’ through the novel and took things as they came their way. I believe that the characters’ main way of staying ‘hopeful’ is by finding solutions to the problems and hardships of their life currently during the re-education at the Phoenix Mountain. What the two boys have taken from this experience definitely has been the ability to be independent and solve situations they are faced with and most importantly learnt that success can be achieved by staying ‘hopeful’. Also the books and their passion for literature has indeed played a part in this as the books is what has kept them going for this long and they work so hard all day only knowing that later at night they have the book to go back to and relax. Their hope to keep them going through the day is the thought of knowing that this means they can go home to reading. Four-Eyes on the other hand has this obsessive pursuit of freedom and his hope is what is keeping that driving force in him going but in this battle, he has lost his temper and feels agitated as his results are not coming out positive.

Role Play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Role Play - Essay Example In this paper, we would be outlining in detail a role play activity and discuss on the anticipated learning outcomes and procedure, including the sub-skills of speaking that will be focused. The consideration of new learning tasks that become possible with new technologies should be part of the educator's strategic learning plan (Freeman & Capper, 1999, pp.95-116). We thus decided to design and implement a role play as an interactive learning activity within one module of a teaching course for academic staff at a University. The role play was designed to trial the existing face-to-face workshop that might offer more flexibility of access for participants and provide an opportunity to explore various approaches to a contentious topic within the course. Sixteen participants were divided into two groups of eight participants each and given the same directions, information and role statements. The role plays were set up within a classroom, during which participants were expected to contribute to discussion from the viewpoint of the role they were playing. At the end of the role play participants were given access to the postings from both role plays and the contributions we re discussed. Marks were not allocated to the role play, although a specified level of participation was a requirement for course completion. Evaluation Methodology The evaluation methodology was grounded in the interpretive paradigm, the central endeavor of this paradigm being "to understand the subjective world of human experience" (Cohen & Manion, 1994, p. 205). Case study method was utilized, in which the researcher 'observes' aspects of individual or group activity in order to "probe deeply and to analyze intensively the multifarious phenomena with a view to establishing generalizations about the wider population to which the unit belongs" (Cohen & Manion, 1994, p. 106-107). In this case study the role play moderator is a "participant-observer" (Cohen & Manion, 1994, p. 107), participating to some extent in the activity being evaluated. To determine the effectiveness of the role play activity the moderator analyzed the descriptive accounts and the face-to-face discussion responses. Participant responses to the activity were also evaluated by questionnaire using closed questions on a four point scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree, with provision for open comments. The questionnaire and discussion covered the effectiveness and purpose of the role play; feelings about taking part; anonymity; and role engagement. Eleven of the fourteen participants completed the questionnaire and participated in the discussion. (Initially sixteen participants were allocated roles but two left the course) The Role Play Description and Purpose The role play was designed to provide participants with a realistic forum to discuss the issue - the letters column of a supposed local newspaper, the Daily View. The role play took place at a mythical university in which criterion referenced assessment had been used within a subject. All students had achieved 100%. Participants discussed the merits of norm referenced and criterion referen

Integrated Marketing Communication Plan For Prada Essay

Integrated Marketing Communication Plan For Prada - Essay Example Prada’s daughter took over the leadership of the company in 1978 and with the help of Patrizio Bertelli, they transformed the image of Prada. Prada began to design classic handbags and by the 1980’s, the Prada’s designed outstanding fabrics that revolutionised the runway. This enhanced the company’s image in the market and in the 1990s, Prada became a force in the fashion industry (Prada Group, 2012). Prada invested in innovations for her designs throughout the 1990s and experimented with different fabrics to reach more customers. Prada has been expanding the range of products and expanding to different countries across world. Prada runs many boutiques across the globe and has expanded its products to include perfumes and the LG Prada mobile phone. Prada’s shoes and handbags have gained much popularity across the globe. Prada holds regular runway shows as well. One of Prada’s expansion strategies has been taking over other companies such as H elmut Lang, Fendi, Church Shoes and Jil Sander (Prada Group, 2012). Target market An organisation’s target market determines the most appropriates medium of communicating its marketing messages. Segmenting this target market enables an organisation to identify the most profitable category of potential and existing consumers (Smith & Taylor, 2004, p. 37). Each segment of the target market has its own unique consumption patterns and needs. An effective marketing plan integrates these needs and consumptions. Segmenting the target market helps an organisation to allocate its resources efficiently and derive maximum benefits from each segment (Smith & Zook, 2011, p. 229). Prada designs high fashion clothes, handbags and accessories. The company’s designs are displayed in major fashion shows and runways across the globe. Thus, the target market for Prada’s designs includes professionals, business men and women, and celebrities. This target market can afford to buy Pra da’s products. Demographic segmentation Demographic segmentation involves categorising the target market based on the demographic characteristics of consumers such as their social status, age, family size, occupation, level of income, education, nationality, religion and gender among others (Botha, Strydom, & Brink, 2005, p.66). Prada can segment its target market on gender and develop different marketing messages for men and women. Most of its designs are for women and thus, most of Prada’s marketing resources should be geared towards women. Prada’s customers can also be categorised based on their social status. Marketing messages should target individuals with high social status because they can afford Prada’s fashion designs. The company’s marketing communication plan targets customers from all nationalities. This is because the company has stores in different cities and countries and part of the communication will be online. Prada will target i ndividuals between 20-50 years. Psychographic segmentation Psychographic segmentation involves dividing customers based on the lifestyles habits, interests, activities, opinions towards an organisation and its products and daily activities among others (Lamb, Hair, McDaniel, 2008, p. 242). Prada will focus its marketing messages to impulse buyers, celebrities, and successful individuals. These categories of consumers are likely to purchase Prada’s designs for their elegance and social status associated with the designs. Behavioural Segmentation Behavioural segmentation invo

Every Child Matters and Educational Outcomes Essay

Every Child Matters and Educational Outcomes - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that changing the school setting from traditional methods of teaching to newer implementation is based on several dimensions.   The environment, agenda, and curriculum for teaching are all considered for teachers, administrators and children receiving an education. The need to offer more to students and to monitor learning activities is currently being implemented through the Every Child Matters agenda, also known as ECM. The implications of this program are based on providing more opportunities for children of diverse backgrounds. The main policies and trends in this policy are being furthered by changing school settings and community values for education. Understanding the provisions and benefits of teaching under this agenda also provides a deeper understanding of how teachers and administrators can alter teaching styles according to the newer methods and requirements. The ability to incorporate the Every Child Matters agenda will alte r the way in which teachers focus on enhancing education among children. The Every Child Matters initiative began with the governmental decision to change educational programs and attention for children in 2003. In 2004, the Children Act became a law of the government, which focused on a formal approach to assisting children. The main act resulted from the death of Victoria Climbie, a child who was not able to receive proper care because of her socioeconomic status.  

Critically examine the characteristics,tactics, opponents and policy Essay

Critically examine the characteristics,tactics, opponents and policy impact of the NRA(National Riffle Assoc) - interest group operating in the USA today - Essay Example These include army officers, police officers and sheriffs while they also participate in occasions meant to compete in shooting skills. The organization has set programs meant to keep off violent criminals’ incorporation with the law. These programs include CrimeStrike that was introduced in order to eliminate gangs and other unwanted people from the streets of America and be convicted as per the crimes they commit. The other program introduced is the Eddie Eagle meant for children that creates public awareness on the importance of observing the laws stipulated against possession of guns and how to protect one self. This program gives warnings such as Stop or Don’t Touch signs put at places where these guns are kept in the house. Other programs educate adults such as skilled hunters, shooters and people who possess ammunition for the sake of their safety such as security gourds. Most foreigners have been surprised by the way most Americans prefer to own guns. Antagonists view the Second Amendment as stated by the constitution on the ownership of guns as a cause for the problem. The statement reads that as well as a military officer lawfully allowed to posses a gun, then owning guns has to be a right to all and must not be prohibited. There have been recent debates on ways of controlling guns to the public but this has brought no change in US we daily find shooting cases on the media. This evidence shows that there is a very strong correlation between violence and accessibility of ammunitions. Some federal laws initiated in 1970s due to the assassinations of high people in government for instance Martin Luther King. Later other policies were also set up as a result of several assassination cases. It is for these reasons that Brandy Bill has to take time while issuing out guns to the public. This helps to analyse the

The Democrats and Republicans before the Civil War Essay

The Democrats and Republicans before the Civil War - Essay Example Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina severely beat abolitionist Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts with a cane after the latter made an impassioned speech about the deteriorating situation in the disputed state of Kansas, where hostilities had exploded around the issue of slavery (â€Å"Bleeding Kansas†). The Democratic Party platform (Cooper 36–39), resolutely promoting the interests of the Southern slaveholders, was explicit in its calls for limited Federal government powers -- in effect placing more authority in the hands of individual states. A portion of the opening statement that stated it would be â€Å"inexpedient and dangerous† for the Federal government to â€Å"exercise doubtful constitutional powers† left very little mystery regarding the remaining thrust of the document. Adopting a â€Å"strict constructionist† interpretation of the Constitution, the Democrats further posited that general powers were not granted to the central government in relation to commerce, to conduct â€Å"improvements,† or to assume debt for the individual states. Also addressed were the national administration’s right to disperse funds from public lands or to charter a national bank. All of the aforementioned matters had a direct bearing on the ultimate ability of the central government to exercise any overarching powers to control individual states, especially on the slavery question. A weak, non-invasive, decentralized government was exactly what Southern politicians desired. While the Democratic platform gradually worked up to addressing the issue of slavery directly, the Republican Party immediately got to the heart of the matter (Cooper 39–40). Right at the outset, their platform declared that Kansas should be admitted to the Union as a free state. Refuting the Democratic Party’s desire for a weak Federal government, the Republicans declared that the Constitution conferred sovereign power to Congress over the

Jane Eyre as a bildungsroman novel Essay Example for Free

Jane Eyre as a bildungsroman novel Essay Bildungsroman is a novel genre that narrates a hero or heroines process of psychological maturation and focuses on experiences and changes that accompanies the growth of the character from youth to adulthood. The term Bildungsroman was introduced to the critical vocabulary by the German philosopher and sociologist Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1941), who first employed it in an 1870 biography of Friedrich Schleiermacher and then popularized it with the success of his 1906 study Poetry and Experience (Boes 231). To be a Bildungsroman, the hero or heroine in a novel will experience certain forms of pain or loss that pulls him or her away from either family or home and into the journey of desiring self-identity. At the end of the story the hero or heroine finally succeeds in the society. The plot of Jane Eyre, written by Charlotte Brontà «, generally follows this form. The growth of the main character, Jane Eyre, is distinctively divided into phases by places that she stayed at, starting from her tragic childhood to her final destination as Mr. Rochesters mistress. The changes of emotions and maturation of identities as Jane Eyre goes through her life provide evidence of a Bildungsroman. Through the novel, Jane Eyre grows up, moving from a radical stage to a more pragmatic consciousness (Mickelsen 418). Psychological maturation is a typical trait of Bildungsroman genre. At the beginning, Jane uses the knowledge she learns from the books to defend herself when she is angry: you are like a murderer you are like a slave-driver you are like the Roman emperors!' (Brontà « 8). Her angry and chaotic emotions have built up since she lost her parents and was adopted unwillingly by Mrs. Reed. Jane cannot find her place in this family. Her anger and desperation becomes more intense each time Mrs. Reeds family treats her not as a family member but more like a servant. Janes burst of emotions against her cousin, John, resulted in her being locked ino the red-room and eventually sent to the Lowood School, where she spends the rest of her childhood and the beginning of her adolescence. When Jane is again treated unfairly and libelled by Mr. Brocklehurst, through the support of her patient friend Helen Burns, and kind-hearted Miss Temple, she is able to release her indignation. Jane Eyre experiences a huge emotional transition when she no longer feels like a wanderer but gains a sense of belonging through the care of Miss Temple and  the support of Helen. After Jane finishes her education at Lowood, she applies and becomes the governess of Adele where she will work at Thornfield. At Thornfield, Jane meets Mr. Rochester and experiences the most powerful emotion love. Love makes Jane brave and mature. Her relationship with Mr. Rochester makes her fell confused but respected. She feels psychologically equal with Mr. Rochester when he admits how much he loves her. However, Jane still feels insignificant that she has to depend on Mr. Rochester. The strong emotional conflict between love and shame makes Jane run away from Thornfield and go to Marsh End where she meets St. John. The final emotionally transitional state for Jane Eyre happened when St. John asked her to marry him and go to India to serve as a missionary. Jane strongly refused St. Johns proposal and decided to follow her heart and marry her lover, Mr. Rochester. The story concludes when, Jane Eyre, who is a successful Bildungsroman character, finishes her emotional maturation process. Another significant feature of Bildungsroman is that the character will go through a series of challenges and changes in order to finally achieve complete self-actualization. Jane Eyre undergoes a period which she was called a mad cat, or titled less than a servant in Mrs. Reeds house (Brontà « 9). Deep in her mind, Janestrongly refuses these names; therefore she often hides and reads books in order to educate herself [rep] in order and build up her inner-self. In constructing a sense of inner self, Jane is able to differentiate her identity from the rest of Mrs. Reeds family members. Jane has similar experience at Lowood School where she is incorrectly labelled an interloper and an alien and also harshly, a liar (Brontà « 56). However, Miss Temple and Helen trust Jane which allows Jane to rebuild her point of view and establish new identity. In Janes life, they were the first to acknowledge Janes unique identity. Under Miss Temples protection and guidance, Jane completes her educa tion at Lowood; however, Jane lives more like a shadow of Miss Temple. Jane then later became the governess of Adele in order to break away the image of Miss Temple and create her own. There in Thornfield, she continues to educate herself by painting and reading to build up the real Jane Eyre identity. When Mr. Rochester asks Jane to marry him and gives e her the title of Mrs.  Rochester, [p_voice] it stunned Jane that she will no longer be Jane Eyre but under the name of Rochester. Losing her self-identity frightened Jane and the shadow of class differences and unfairness from her childhood experience affected her and made her leave Mr. Rochester. Later in the story, Jane finds her relatives in Marsh End and sheinherits a considerable amount of money, which makes herreconnect to family. Moreover, her newfound wealth makes her economically independent; these conditions eliminate Janes self-contempt and complete her desired image as an independent woman in society. At the end of the story, she choses to give up her independence and reunite with Mr. Rochester. Indeed, Bildungsromane typically conclude with the protagonist making some choice, thereby confirming that the protagonist has achieved a coherent self The story of Jane Eyre starts from her helpless childhood until the last step of [her] maturity when [she] finally finds self-knowledge (she in the original source is he for it was referring to hero) (Kern 6). After all Jane has experienced, from an adopted orphan to a gentlemens mistress, she finally comes to a successful and independent state which she can make her own decision and will not be restricted by anything. The various challenges during Janes growing process that educate and change her emotions and identities align with the basic definition of a Bildungsroman genre. Although the story of Jane Eyre falls into a fairy tale ending, the novel Jane Eyre functions as a Bildungsroman.